Integrated mapping of lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis: lessons learnt from Ethiopia
Identifieur interne : 002981 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002980; suivant : 002982Integrated mapping of lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis: lessons learnt from Ethiopia
Auteurs : Heven Sime [Éthiopie] ; Kebede Deribe [Royaume-Uni, Éthiopie] ; Ashenafi Assefa [Éthiopie] ; Melanie J. Newport [Éthiopie] ; Fikre Enquselassie [Éthiopie] ; Abeba Gebretsadik [Éthiopie] ; Amha Kebede [Éthiopie] ; Asrat Hailu [Éthiopie] ; Oumer Shafi [Éthiopie] ; Abraham Aseffa [Éthiopie] ; Richard Reithinger ; Simon J. Brooker [Royaume-Uni] ; Rachel L. Pullan [Royaume-Uni] ; Jorge Cano [Royaume-Uni] ; Kadu Meribo [Éthiopie] ; Alex Pavluck ; Moses J. Bockarie [Royaume-Uni] ; Maria P. Rebollo [Royaume-Uni] ; Gail Davey [Éthiopie]Source :
- Parasites & Vectors [ 1756-3305 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Antigènes d'helminthe (sang), Bases de données factuelles, Filariose lymphatique (immunologie), Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie), Filariose lymphatique (sang), Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie), Humains, Plan de recherche, Recherche (économie), Surveillance de la population, Téléphones portables, Wuchereria bancrofti (immunologie), Éléphantiasis (épidémiologie), Éthiopie (épidémiologie).
- MESH :
- immunologie : Filariose lymphatique, Wuchereria bancrofti.
- parasitologie : Filariose lymphatique.
- sang : Antigènes d'helminthe, Filariose lymphatique.
- économie : Recherche.
- épidémiologie : Filariose lymphatique, Éléphantiasis, Éthiopie.
- Animaux, Bases de données factuelles, Humains, Plan de recherche, Surveillance de la population, Téléphones portables.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Éthiopie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Antigens, Helminth (blood), Cell Phones, Databases, Factual, Elephantiasis (epidemiology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (blood), Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (immunology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology), Ethiopia (epidemiology), Humans, Population Surveillance, Research (economics), Research Design, Wuchereria bancrofti (immunology).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antigens, Helminth.
- geographic , epidemiology : Ethiopia.
- blood : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- economics : Research.
- epidemiology : Elephantiasis, Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- immunology : Elephantiasis, Filarial, Wuchereria bancrofti.
- parasitology : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- Animals, Cell Phones, Databases, Factual, Humans, Population Surveillance, Research Design.
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO), international donors and partners have emphasized the importance of integrated control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Integrated mapping of NTDs is a first step for integrated planning of programmes, proper resource allocation and monitoring progress of control. Integrated mapping has several advantages over disease specific mapping by reducing costs and enabling co-endemic areas to be more precisely identified. We designed and conducted integrated mapping of lymphatic filariasis (LF) and podoconiosis in Ethiopia; here we present the methods, challenges and lessons learnt.
Integrated mapping of 1315 communities across Ethiopia was accomplished within three months. Within these communities, 129,959 individuals provided blood samples that were tested for circulating
A total of 8110 individuals with leg swelling were interviewed and underwent physical examination. Smartphones linked to a central database were used to collect data, which facilitated real-time data entry and reduced costs compared to traditional paper-based data collection approach; their inbuilt Geographic Positioning System (GPS) function enabled simultaneous capture of geographical coordinates. The integrated approach led to efficient use of resources and rapid mapping of an enormous geographical area and was well received by survey staff and collaborators. Mobile based technology can be used for such large scale studies in resource constrained settings such as Ethiopia, with minimal challenges.
This was the first integrated mapping of podoconiosis and LF globally. Integrated mapping of podoconiosis and LF is feasible and, if properly planned, can be quickly achieved at nationwide scale.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-397) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-397
PubMed: 25164687
PubMed Central: 4153915
Affiliations:
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Newport</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enquselassie, Fikre" sort="Enquselassie, Fikre" uniqKey="Enquselassie F" first="Fikre" last="Enquselassie">Fikre Enquselassie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff19">School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebretsadik, Abeba" sort="Gebretsadik, Abeba" uniqKey="Gebretsadik A" first="Abeba" last="Gebretsadik">Abeba Gebretsadik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kebede, Amha" sort="Kebede, Amha" uniqKey="Kebede A" first="Amha" last="Kebede">Amha Kebede</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hailu, Asrat" sort="Hailu, Asrat" uniqKey="Hailu A" first="Asrat" last="Hailu">Asrat Hailu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff19">School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shafi, Oumer" sort="Shafi, Oumer" uniqKey="Shafi O" first="Oumer" last="Shafi">Oumer Shafi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aseffa, Abraham" sort="Aseffa, Abraham" uniqKey="Aseffa A" first="Abraham" last="Aseffa">Abraham Aseffa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Armauer Hansen Research Institute/ALERT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Armauer Hansen Research Institute/ALERT, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reithinger, Richard" sort="Reithinger, Richard" uniqKey="Reithinger R" first="Richard" last="Reithinger">Richard Reithinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff22">RTI International, Washington, D. C USA</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">D. C USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brooker, Simon J" sort="Brooker, Simon J" uniqKey="Brooker S" first="Simon J" last="Brooker">Simon J. Brooker</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pullan, Rachel L" sort="Pullan, Rachel L" uniqKey="Pullan R" first="Rachel L" last="Pullan">Rachel L. Pullan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cano, Jorge" sort="Cano, Jorge" uniqKey="Cano J" first="Jorge" last="Cano">Jorge Cano</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meribo, Kadu" sort="Meribo, Kadu" uniqKey="Meribo K" first="Kadu" last="Meribo">Kadu Meribo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pavluck, Alex" sort="Pavluck, Alex" uniqKey="Pavluck A" first="Alex" last="Pavluck">Alex Pavluck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff24">Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center (formerly Lymphatic Filariasis Support Center), The Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia USA</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Georgia USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J" last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff25">Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rebollo, Maria P" sort="Rebollo, Maria P" uniqKey="Rebollo M" first="Maria P" last="Rebollo">Maria P. Rebollo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff25">Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davey, Gail" sort="Davey, Gail" uniqKey="Davey G" first="Gail" last="Davey">Gail Davey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Parasites & Vectors</title><idno type="eISSN">1756-3305</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Antigens, Helminth (blood)</term><term>Cell Phones</term><term>Databases, Factual</term><term>Elephantiasis (epidemiology)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (blood)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (immunology)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology)</term><term>Ethiopia (epidemiology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Population Surveillance</term><term>Research (economics)</term><term>Research Design</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (immunology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Antigènes d'helminthe (sang)</term><term>Bases de données factuelles</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (immunologie)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (sang)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Plan de recherche</term><term>Recherche (économie)</term><term>Surveillance de la population</term><term>Téléphones portables</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (immunologie)</term><term>Éléphantiasis (épidémiologie)</term><term>Éthiopie (épidémiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antigens, Helminth</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Ethiopia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Research</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antigènes d'helminthe</term><term>Filariose lymphatique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="économie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Recherche</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term><term>Éléphantiasis</term><term>Éthiopie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Cell Phones</term><term>Databases, Factual</term><term>Humans</term><term>Population Surveillance</term><term>Research Design</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Bases de données factuelles</term><term>Humains</term><term>Plan de recherche</term><term>Surveillance de la population</term><term>Téléphones portables</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Éthiopie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>The World Health Organization (WHO), international donors and partners have emphasized the importance of integrated control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Integrated mapping of NTDs is a first step for integrated planning of programmes, proper resource allocation and monitoring progress of control. Integrated mapping has several advantages over disease specific mapping by reducing costs and enabling co-endemic areas to be more precisely identified. We designed and conducted integrated mapping of lymphatic filariasis (LF) and podoconiosis in Ethiopia; here we present the methods, challenges and lessons learnt.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Integrated mapping of 1315 communities across Ethiopia was accomplished within three months. Within these communities, 129,959 individuals provided blood samples that were tested for circulating <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> antigen using immunochromatographic card tests (ICT). Wb123 antibody tests were used to further establish exposure to LF in areas where at least one ICT positive individual was detected. A clinical algorithm was used to reliably diagnose podoconiosis by excluding other potential causes of lymphoedema of the lower limb.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 8110 individuals with leg swelling were interviewed and underwent physical examination. Smartphones linked to a central database were used to collect data, which facilitated real-time data entry and reduced costs compared to traditional paper-based data collection approach; their inbuilt Geographic Positioning System (GPS) function enabled simultaneous capture of geographical coordinates. The integrated approach led to efficient use of resources and rapid mapping of an enormous geographical area and was well received by survey staff and collaborators. Mobile based technology can be used for such large scale studies in resource constrained settings such as Ethiopia, with minimal challenges.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This was the first integrated mapping of podoconiosis and LF globally. Integrated mapping of podoconiosis and LF is feasible and, if properly planned, can be quickly achieved at nationwide scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-397) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hotez, Pj" uniqKey="Hotez P">PJ Hotez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fenwick, A" uniqKey="Fenwick A">A Fenwick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Savioli, L" uniqKey="Savioli L">L Savioli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Molyneux, Dh" uniqKey="Molyneux D">DH Molyneux</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Molyneux, Dh" uniqKey="Molyneux D">DH Molyneux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malecela, Mn" uniqKey="Malecela M">MN 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sortKey="Sismanidis, C" uniqKey="Sismanidis C">C Sismanidis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tadolini, M" uniqKey="Tadolini M">M Tadolini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Onozaki, I" uniqKey="Onozaki I">I Onozaki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pavluck, A" uniqKey="Pavluck A">A Pavluck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, B" uniqKey="Chu B">B Chu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flueckiger, Rm" uniqKey="Flueckiger R">RM Flueckiger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, E" uniqKey="Ottesen E">E Ottesen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tekola, F" uniqKey="Tekola F">F Tekola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ayele, Z" uniqKey="Ayele Z">Z Ayele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mariam, Dh" uniqKey="Mariam D">DH Mariam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fuller, C" uniqKey="Fuller C">C Fuller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davey, G" uniqKey="Davey G">G Davey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balabanova, D" uniqKey="Balabanova D">D Balabanova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mills, A" uniqKey="Mills A">A Mills</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conteh, L" uniqKey="Conteh L">L Conteh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akkazieva, B" uniqKey="Akkazieva B">B Akkazieva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Banteyerga, H" uniqKey="Banteyerga H">H Banteyerga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dash, U" uniqKey="Dash U">U Dash</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gilson, L" uniqKey="Gilson L">L Gilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harmer, A" uniqKey="Harmer A">A Harmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ibraimova, A" uniqKey="Ibraimova A">A Ibraimova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Islam, Z" uniqKey="Islam Z">Z Islam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kidanu, A" uniqKey="Kidanu A">A Kidanu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koehlmoos, Tp" uniqKey="Koehlmoos T">TP Koehlmoos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Limwattananon, S" uniqKey="Limwattananon S">S Limwattananon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muraleedharan, Vr" uniqKey="Muraleedharan V">VR Muraleedharan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murzalieva, G" uniqKey="Murzalieva G">G Murzalieva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palafox, B" uniqKey="Palafox B">B Palafox</name></author><author><name sortKey="Panichkriangkrai, W" uniqKey="Panichkriangkrai W">W Panichkriangkrai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patcharanarumol, W" uniqKey="Patcharanarumol W">W Patcharanarumol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Penn Kekana, L" uniqKey="Penn Kekana L">L Penn-Kekana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Powell Jackson, T" uniqKey="Powell Jackson T">T Powell-Jackson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tangcharoensathien, V" uniqKey="Tangcharoensathien V">V Tangcharoensathien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mckee, M" uniqKey="Mckee M">M McKee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Banteyerga, H" uniqKey="Banteyerga H">H Banteyerga</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Desta, K" uniqKey="Desta K">K Desta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ashine, M" uniqKey="Ashine M">M Ashine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davey, G" uniqKey="Davey G">G Davey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Pavluck, Alex" sort="Pavluck, Alex" uniqKey="Pavluck A" first="Alex" last="Pavluck">Alex Pavluck</name><name sortKey="Reithinger, Richard" sort="Reithinger, Richard" uniqKey="Reithinger R" first="Richard" last="Reithinger">Richard Reithinger</name></noCountry><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sime, Heven" sort="Sime, Heven" uniqKey="Sime H" first="Heven" last="Sime">Heven Sime</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Aseffa, Abraham" sort="Aseffa, Abraham" uniqKey="Aseffa A" first="Abraham" last="Aseffa">Abraham Aseffa</name><name sortKey="Assefa, Ashenafi" sort="Assefa, Ashenafi" uniqKey="Assefa A" first="Ashenafi" last="Assefa">Ashenafi Assefa</name><name sortKey="Davey, Gail" sort="Davey, Gail" uniqKey="Davey G" first="Gail" last="Davey">Gail Davey</name><name sortKey="Deribe, Kebede" sort="Deribe, Kebede" uniqKey="Deribe K" first="Kebede" last="Deribe">Kebede Deribe</name><name sortKey="Enquselassie, Fikre" sort="Enquselassie, Fikre" uniqKey="Enquselassie F" first="Fikre" last="Enquselassie">Fikre Enquselassie</name><name sortKey="Gebretsadik, Abeba" sort="Gebretsadik, Abeba" uniqKey="Gebretsadik A" first="Abeba" last="Gebretsadik">Abeba Gebretsadik</name><name sortKey="Hailu, Asrat" sort="Hailu, Asrat" uniqKey="Hailu A" first="Asrat" last="Hailu">Asrat Hailu</name><name sortKey="Kebede, Amha" sort="Kebede, Amha" uniqKey="Kebede A" first="Amha" last="Kebede">Amha Kebede</name><name sortKey="Meribo, Kadu" sort="Meribo, Kadu" uniqKey="Meribo K" first="Kadu" last="Meribo">Kadu Meribo</name><name sortKey="Newport, Melanie J" sort="Newport, Melanie J" uniqKey="Newport M" first="Melanie J" last="Newport">Melanie J. Newport</name><name sortKey="Shafi, Oumer" sort="Shafi, Oumer" uniqKey="Shafi O" first="Oumer" last="Shafi">Oumer Shafi</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Deribe, Kebede" sort="Deribe, Kebede" uniqKey="Deribe K" first="Kebede" last="Deribe">Kebede Deribe</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J" last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name><name sortKey="Brooker, Simon J" sort="Brooker, Simon J" uniqKey="Brooker S" first="Simon J" last="Brooker">Simon J. Brooker</name><name sortKey="Cano, Jorge" sort="Cano, Jorge" uniqKey="Cano J" first="Jorge" last="Cano">Jorge Cano</name><name sortKey="Pullan, Rachel L" sort="Pullan, Rachel L" uniqKey="Pullan R" first="Rachel L" last="Pullan">Rachel L. Pullan</name><name sortKey="Rebollo, Maria P" sort="Rebollo, Maria P" uniqKey="Rebollo M" first="Maria P" last="Rebollo">Maria P. 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